学会审视手表的核心——微调装置 / Learn to look at the heart of your watch - the fine-tuning mechanism
钟表的精度是重要的，船上用的船钟，如果一天误差只有一秒，那么据此导航累积两个月航行的误差就将达到27公里。一天一秒的误差率只是0.00001。日常佩戴的机械手表，如果日差超过10秒，使用者就有明显感觉,误差是会有累计的。因为一般人们调整手表是在大小月变换的时候，一两个月下来，差出个十分八分的，就会评价走的不准。
微调是干什么的
动辄一百多个微小零件组成的手表，看起来复杂无比，实际原理是很简单的，发条动力，通过几组齿轮传递到擒纵机构。我们看到指示时间的指针就装在传递动力的 齿轮上，要正确显示时间就需要控制这几个齿轮的旋转速度。就像控制水流速度，需要水龙头一样。控制装有秒针、分钟、时针的旋转速度的任务，就落在了终端的 擒纵机构和摆轮、游丝、微调上。
旋转水龙头，可以调整水流大小。那么如何调节表走时的快慢呢，重要的就是调整摆轮游丝组成的机械振荡器的震荡周期。摆轮和游丝在擒纵机构的相互配合下来回高速摆动，摆动转过的平衡位置的大角度就是摆幅（也叫振幅）。
如何控制震荡周期呢？有两个套路，一个是调整游丝的实际工作长度，这也是常见的手段，采用快慢针和拨动快慢针；另一个就是调整摆轮配重，来调整震荡周期。
The accuracy of the clock is very important. If the ship clock used on the ship has an error of only one second a day, then the accumulated error of navigation for two months will reach 27 kilometers. The error rate for one second a day is just 0.00001. For a mechanical watch worn daily, if the daily difference exceeds 10 seconds, the user will have a clear feeling that the error will accumulate. Because generally people adjust their watches when the size and month change, and after a month or two, if they are out of ten or eight points, they will be inaccurate in their evaluation.
What does fine-tuning do?
A watch composed of more than 100 tiny parts at every turn looks extremely complicated, but the actual principle is very simple. The power of the clockwork is transmitted to the escapement through several sets of gears. We see that the hands indicating the time are mounted on the gears that transmit power. To display the time correctly, it is necessary to control the rotation speed of these gears. Just like controlling the speed of water flow, you need a faucet. The task of controlling the speed of rotation of the second, minute, and hour hands, which is installed, falls on the terminal escapement, balance wheel, hairspring, and fine-tuning.
Rotate the faucet to adjust the size of the water flow. So how to adjust the speed of the watch, the important thing is to adjust the oscillation period of the mechanical oscillator composed of the balance spring. The balance wheel and the hairspring swing back and forth at a high speed under the cooperation of the escapement, and the large angle of the balance position where the swing rotates is the swing (also called the amplitude).
How to control the oscillation period? There are two routines, one is to adjust the actual working length of the hairspring, which is also a common method, using the speed needle and the speed needle; the other is to adjust the balance wheel weight to adjust the oscillation period.
